SC's Question number - 677 , 678

677). Sunspots, vortices of gas associated with strong electromagnetic activity, are visible as dark spots on the surface of the Sun but have never been sighted on the Sun’s poles or equator.

(A) are visible as dark spots on the surface of the Sun but have never been sighted on

(B) are visible as dark spots that never have been sighted on the surface of the Sun

(C) appear on the surface of the Sun as dark spots although never sighted at

(D) appear as dark spots on the surface of the Sun, although never having been sighted at

(E) appear as dark spots on the Sun’s surface, which have never been sighted on

678). Sulfur dioxide, a major contributor to acid rain, is an especially serious pollutant because it diminishes the respiratory system’s ability to deal with all other pollutants.

(A) an especially serious pollutant because it diminishes the respiratory system’s ability to deal

(B) an especially serious pollutant because of diminishing the respiratory system’s capability of dealing

(C) an especially serious pollutant because it diminishes the capability of the respiratory system in dealing

(D) a specially serious pollutant because it diminishes the capability of the respiratory system to deal

(E) a specially serious pollutant because of diminishing the respiratory system’s ability to deal


Answers:

677). (OG 11th Ques no 9) - OA - A - This sentence clearly and correctly draws a contrast between where sunspots are found and where they are not.

OE: The correct parallel structure in the original sentence emphasizes the contrast between where sunspots are found(are visible...Sun) and where they are not(have never been sighted...equator). Sunspots is the subject of the sentence, are is the verb of the first part of the contrast and have been sighted is the verb of the second.(The adjective visible is a complement and is parallel to the past participle sighted). Both parts of the sentence conclude with phrases indicating location. The contrast itself is indicated by the conjunction but.

B - incorrect - changing the modifying clause so that that never ... Sun distorts the meaning of the sentence; the contrast is lost

C - incorrect - Although typically introduces a subordinate clause, which has a subject and a verb, but here there is no subject and sighted is not a complete verb

D - incorrect - Although typically introduces a subordinate clause, which has a subject and a verb, but here there is no subject of the clause and having been sighted is not a complete verb phrase

E - incorrect - The relative pronoun which should immediately follow its referent; here which illogically follows surface and its intended referent, either sunspots or dark spots, becomes unclear

678). OA - A - idiomatic - to deal with

B, C - incorrect - awkward

D, E - incorrect - use of specially is incorrect


NOTE: To stress on the exceptional/ quality, use especial or especially. To stress on the distinctive purpose of something, use special or specially.
Examples:
This laboratory is built specially for research.
(A distinctive purpose)
He did especially well in national games.
(A noteworthy performance)