673). Studies of circadian rhythms can be applied to problems ranging from chronic insomnia in frequent transcontinental air travelers to workers in all-night plants being inefficient.
(A) to workers in all-night plants being inefficient
(B) toward workers in all-night plants being inefficient
(C) to workers in all-night plants who are inefficient
(D) to combat worker inefficiency in all-night plants
(E) to decreased efficiency among workers in all-night plants
674). Students in the metropolitan school district lack math skills to such a large degree as to make it difficult to absorb them into a city economy becoming ever more dependent on information-based industries.
(A) lack math skills to such a large degree as to make it difficult to absorb them into a city economy becoming
(B) lack math skills to a large enough degree that they will be difficult to absorb into a city’s economy that becomes
(C) lack of math skills is so large as to be difficult to absorb them into a city’s economy that becomes
(D) are lacking so much in math skills as to be difficult to absorb into a city’s economy becoming
(E) are so lacking in math skills that it will be difficult to absorb them into a city economy becoming
Answers:
673). OA - E - parallel and idiomatic - ..from X to Y - ... from chronic insomnia in frequent transcontinental air travelers to decreased efficiency among workers in all-night plants
A, B, C - incorrect - violating parallelism
B - incorrect - unidiomatic
D - incorrect - changes the meaning
674). (OG 10th Ques no - 103) - OA - E
OE:
A, B - incorrect - lack is modified by a wordy and awkward construction, to such a large degree as to make it difficult to.
B - incorrect - to a large enough degree that is unidiomatic.
C - incorrect - ungrammatical because it uses lack as a noun rather than as a verb: the phrase beginning Students... becomes a dangling element, and them
refers illogically to skills rather than students.
A, B, C - incorrect - all three choices fail to use one or both of the "-ing" forms
are lacking and becoming; these forms are preferable to lack and becomes in describing progressive and ongoing conditions.
D - incorrect - uses the "-ing" forms, but so much... as to be difficult to absorb is an awkward and unidiomatic verbal modifier.
Sunday, October 19, 2008
Thursday, October 16, 2008
SC's Question number - 675 , 676
675). Studies show that young people with higher-than-average blood pressure and their families have a history of high blood pressure are more likely than others to develop a severe form of the condition.
(A) and their families have a history of high blood pressure
(B) whose families have a history of high blood pressure
(C) and a history of high blood pressure runs in the family
(D) whose families have a history of high blood pressure running in them
(E) with a history of high blood pressure running in their family
676). Studies of the human “sleep-wake cycle” have practical relevance for matters ranging from duty assignments in nuclear submarines and air-traffic control towers to the staff of shifts in 24-hour factories.
(A) to the staff of
(B) to those who staff
(C) to the staffing of
(D) and staffing
(E) and the staff of
Answers:
675). OA - B - ... young people with higher-than-average blood pressure(prepositional phrase modifying young people) whose families have a history of high blood pressure(relative clause)...
A - incorrect - awkward and illogical - young people with higher-than-average blood pressure and their families which have high blood pressure
C, D, E - incorrect - awkward - ...high blood pressure runs/ running in the family...
676). OA - C - idiomatic - ...from..to..
A - incorrect - awkward - ..to the staff of shifts in...
B - incorrect - ambiguous those
D, E - incorrect - unidiomatic
(A) and their families have a history of high blood pressure
(B) whose families have a history of high blood pressure
(C) and a history of high blood pressure runs in the family
(D) whose families have a history of high blood pressure running in them
(E) with a history of high blood pressure running in their family
676). Studies of the human “sleep-wake cycle” have practical relevance for matters ranging from duty assignments in nuclear submarines and air-traffic control towers to the staff of shifts in 24-hour factories.
(A) to the staff of
(B) to those who staff
(C) to the staffing of
(D) and staffing
(E) and the staff of
Answers:
675). OA - B - ... young people with higher-than-average blood pressure(prepositional phrase modifying young people) whose families have a history of high blood pressure(relative clause)...
A - incorrect - awkward and illogical - young people with higher-than-average blood pressure and their families which have high blood pressure
C, D, E - incorrect - awkward - ...high blood pressure runs/ running in the family...
676). OA - C - idiomatic - ...from..to..
A - incorrect - awkward - ..to the staff of shifts in...
B - incorrect - ambiguous those
D, E - incorrect - unidiomatic
Sunday, October 12, 2008
SC's Question number - 677 , 678
677). Sunspots, vortices of gas associated with strong electromagnetic activity, are visible as dark spots on the surface of the Sun but have never been sighted on the Sun’s poles or equator.
(A) are visible as dark spots on the surface of the Sun but have never been sighted on
(B) are visible as dark spots that never have been sighted on the surface of the Sun
(C) appear on the surface of the Sun as dark spots although never sighted at
(D) appear as dark spots on the surface of the Sun, although never having been sighted at
(E) appear as dark spots on the Sun’s surface, which have never been sighted on
678). Sulfur dioxide, a major contributor to acid rain, is an especially serious pollutant because it diminishes the respiratory system’s ability to deal with all other pollutants.
(A) an especially serious pollutant because it diminishes the respiratory system’s ability to deal
(B) an especially serious pollutant because of diminishing the respiratory system’s capability of dealing
(C) an especially serious pollutant because it diminishes the capability of the respiratory system in dealing
(D) a specially serious pollutant because it diminishes the capability of the respiratory system to deal
(E) a specially serious pollutant because of diminishing the respiratory system’s ability to deal
Answers:
677). (OG 11th Ques no 9) - OA - A - This sentence clearly and correctly draws a contrast between where sunspots are found and where they are not.
OE: The correct parallel structure in the original sentence emphasizes the contrast between where sunspots are found(are visible...Sun) and where they are not(have never been sighted...equator). Sunspots is the subject of the sentence, are is the verb of the first part of the contrast and have been sighted is the verb of the second.(The adjective visible is a complement and is parallel to the past participle sighted). Both parts of the sentence conclude with phrases indicating location. The contrast itself is indicated by the conjunction but.
B - incorrect - changing the modifying clause so that that never ... Sun distorts the meaning of the sentence; the contrast is lost
C - incorrect - Although typically introduces a subordinate clause, which has a subject and a verb, but here there is no subject and sighted is not a complete verb
D - incorrect - Although typically introduces a subordinate clause, which has a subject and a verb, but here there is no subject of the clause and having been sighted is not a complete verb phrase
E - incorrect - The relative pronoun which should immediately follow its referent; here which illogically follows surface and its intended referent, either sunspots or dark spots, becomes unclear
678). OA - A - idiomatic - to deal with
B, C - incorrect - awkward
D, E - incorrect - use of specially is incorrect
NOTE: To stress on the exceptional/ quality, use especial or especially. To stress on the distinctive purpose of something, use special or specially.
Examples:
This laboratory is built specially for research.
(A distinctive purpose)
He did especially well in national games.
(A noteworthy performance)
(A) are visible as dark spots on the surface of the Sun but have never been sighted on
(B) are visible as dark spots that never have been sighted on the surface of the Sun
(C) appear on the surface of the Sun as dark spots although never sighted at
(D) appear as dark spots on the surface of the Sun, although never having been sighted at
(E) appear as dark spots on the Sun’s surface, which have never been sighted on
678). Sulfur dioxide, a major contributor to acid rain, is an especially serious pollutant because it diminishes the respiratory system’s ability to deal with all other pollutants.
(A) an especially serious pollutant because it diminishes the respiratory system’s ability to deal
(B) an especially serious pollutant because of diminishing the respiratory system’s capability of dealing
(C) an especially serious pollutant because it diminishes the capability of the respiratory system in dealing
(D) a specially serious pollutant because it diminishes the capability of the respiratory system to deal
(E) a specially serious pollutant because of diminishing the respiratory system’s ability to deal
Answers:
677). (OG 11th Ques no 9) - OA - A - This sentence clearly and correctly draws a contrast between where sunspots are found and where they are not.
OE: The correct parallel structure in the original sentence emphasizes the contrast between where sunspots are found(are visible...Sun) and where they are not(have never been sighted...equator). Sunspots is the subject of the sentence, are is the verb of the first part of the contrast and have been sighted is the verb of the second.(The adjective visible is a complement and is parallel to the past participle sighted). Both parts of the sentence conclude with phrases indicating location. The contrast itself is indicated by the conjunction but.
B - incorrect - changing the modifying clause so that that never ... Sun distorts the meaning of the sentence; the contrast is lost
C - incorrect - Although typically introduces a subordinate clause, which has a subject and a verb, but here there is no subject and sighted is not a complete verb
D - incorrect - Although typically introduces a subordinate clause, which has a subject and a verb, but here there is no subject of the clause and having been sighted is not a complete verb phrase
E - incorrect - The relative pronoun which should immediately follow its referent; here which illogically follows surface and its intended referent, either sunspots or dark spots, becomes unclear
678). OA - A - idiomatic - to deal with
B, C - incorrect - awkward
D, E - incorrect - use of specially is incorrect
NOTE: To stress on the exceptional/ quality, use especial or especially. To stress on the distinctive purpose of something, use special or specially.
Examples:
This laboratory is built specially for research.
(A distinctive purpose)
He did especially well in national games.
(A noteworthy performance)
Saturday, October 11, 2008
SC's Question number - 679, 680
679). Temporary-employment agencies benefit not only from the increasing demand for clerical workers but also the higher profits made when highly paid professionals are placed, requests for whom have increased in the recent wave of corporate takeovers.
(A) the higher profits made when highly paid professionals are placed, requests for whom
(B) the higher profits that are made in the placement of highly paid professionals, requests for whom
(C) from the requests for highly paid professionals, who make higher profits for the agencies when placed and whose requests
(D) from highly paid professionals, whose placement makes higher profits for the agencies and whose requests
(E) from the higher profits made in placing highly paid professionals, requests for whom
680). Television programs developed in conjunction with the marketing of toys, which was once prohibited by federal regulations, are thriving in the free market conditions permitted by the current Federal Communications Commission.
(A) Television programs developed in conjunction with the marketing of toys, which was once prohibited by federal regulations, are
(B) Television programs developed in conjunction with the marketing of toys, a practice that federal regulations once prohibited, is
(C) Developing television programs in conjunction with the marketing of toys, as once prohibited by federal regulations, is
(D) Federal regulations once prohibited developing television programs in conjunction with the marketing of toys, but they are
(E) Federal regulations once prohibited developing television programs in conjunction with the marketing of toys, but such programs are
Answers:
679). OA - E - parallel - not only from X, but also from Y
A, B - incorrect - violating parallelism - ..not only from..but also the..
C, D - incorrect - illogically suggests that requests made by the professionals have increased. Benefit is from profits, and not from requests or from the professionals
680). OA - E
A - incorrect - which incorrectly modifies toys
B - incorrect - B - incorrect - subject verb agreement - Television programs(subject - plural) developed in conjunction with the marketing of toys, a practice that federal regulations once (appositive), is (verb - singular)
C - incorrect - use of as is incorrect
D - incorrect - ambiguous they
(A) the higher profits made when highly paid professionals are placed, requests for whom
(B) the higher profits that are made in the placement of highly paid professionals, requests for whom
(C) from the requests for highly paid professionals, who make higher profits for the agencies when placed and whose requests
(D) from highly paid professionals, whose placement makes higher profits for the agencies and whose requests
(E) from the higher profits made in placing highly paid professionals, requests for whom
680). Television programs developed in conjunction with the marketing of toys, which was once prohibited by federal regulations, are thriving in the free market conditions permitted by the current Federal Communications Commission.
(A) Television programs developed in conjunction with the marketing of toys, which was once prohibited by federal regulations, are
(B) Television programs developed in conjunction with the marketing of toys, a practice that federal regulations once prohibited, is
(C) Developing television programs in conjunction with the marketing of toys, as once prohibited by federal regulations, is
(D) Federal regulations once prohibited developing television programs in conjunction with the marketing of toys, but they are
(E) Federal regulations once prohibited developing television programs in conjunction with the marketing of toys, but such programs are
Answers:
679). OA - E - parallel - not only from X, but also from Y
A, B - incorrect - violating parallelism - ..not only from..but also the..
C, D - incorrect - illogically suggests that requests made by the professionals have increased. Benefit is from profits, and not from requests or from the professionals
680). OA - E
A - incorrect - which incorrectly modifies toys
B - incorrect - B - incorrect - subject verb agreement - Television programs(subject - plural) developed in conjunction with the marketing of toys, a practice that federal regulations once (appositive), is (verb - singular)
C - incorrect - use of as is incorrect
D - incorrect - ambiguous they
Wednesday, October 08, 2008
SC's Question number - 681 , 682
681). Textbooks for the used book sale should be in good condition and should have no writing in them or be underlined.
(A) and should have no writing in them or be underlined
(B) and should not have writing in them or not be underlined
(C) and contain no writing or underlining
(D) without containing writing nor be underlined
(E) without having any writing or no underlining in them
682). Tenor George Shirley sang more than 20 leading roles at the Metropolitan Opera since having his debut there as Fernando in Cosifan tulle on October 24, 1961.
(A) sang more than 20 leading roles at the Metropolitan Opera since having
(B) sang more than 20 leading roles at the Metropolitan Opera since having had
(C) has sung more than 20 leading roles at the Metropolitan Opera since
(D) has sung more than 20 leading roles at the Metropolitan Opera after
(E) has sung more than 20 leading roles at the Metropolitan Opera subsequently
Answers:
681). OA - C
A, B - incorrect - violating parallelism; wordy
C, D - incorrect - double negative
682). OA - C
A, B - incorrect - awkward - since having
D, E - incorrect - distort the meaning
(A) and should have no writing in them or be underlined
(B) and should not have writing in them or not be underlined
(C) and contain no writing or underlining
(D) without containing writing nor be underlined
(E) without having any writing or no underlining in them
682). Tenor George Shirley sang more than 20 leading roles at the Metropolitan Opera since having his debut there as Fernando in Cosifan tulle on October 24, 1961.
(A) sang more than 20 leading roles at the Metropolitan Opera since having
(B) sang more than 20 leading roles at the Metropolitan Opera since having had
(C) has sung more than 20 leading roles at the Metropolitan Opera since
(D) has sung more than 20 leading roles at the Metropolitan Opera after
(E) has sung more than 20 leading roles at the Metropolitan Opera subsequently
Answers:
681). OA - C
A, B - incorrect - violating parallelism; wordy
C, D - incorrect - double negative
682). OA - C
A, B - incorrect - awkward - since having
D, E - incorrect - distort the meaning
Monday, October 06, 2008
SC's Question number - 683, 684
683). That educators have not anticipated the impact of microcomputer technology can hardly be said that it is their fault: Alvin Toffler, one of the most prominent students of the future, did not even mention microcomputers in Future Shock, published in 1970.
(A) That educators have not anticipated the impact of microcomputer technology can hardly be said that it is their fault
(B) That educators have not anticipated the impact of microcomputer technology can hardly be said to be at fault
(C) It can hardly be said that it is the fault of educators who have not anticipated the impact of microcomputer technology
(D) It can hardly be said that educators are at fault for not anticipating the impact of microcomputer technology
(E) The fact that educators are at fault for not anticipating the impact of microcomputer technology can hardly be said
684). That the new managing editor rose from the publication’s “soft” news sections to a leadership position is more of a landmark in the industry than her being a woman.
(A) her being a woman
(B) being a woman is
(C) her womanhood
(D) that she was a woman
(E) that she is a woman
Answers:
683). (OG 11th Ques no - 50) - OA - D - has the main clause followed by one subordinate clause correctly introduced by that
OE: Although it is possible to begin a sentence with a subordinate clause beginning with that, this inverted construction often results in errors such as those found here. In the original sentence, the subordinate clause that.....technology is followed by the main verb, can..be said, but then the verb is followed by yet another subordinate clause, that it is their fault. The best way to solve this problem is by putting the sentence in the expected order, with the main clause (It can hardly be said) preceding the subordinate clause(that...) For greater clarity and concision, the two subordinate clauses should be condensed into one: educators are at fault for not anticipating the impact of microcomputer technology
A - incorrect - inverting the usual order results in an ungrammatical construction in which the main verb is both preceded and followed by a subordinate clause.
B - incorrect - can hardly be said to be at fault does not grammatically complete the subordinate clause
C - incorrect - construction that it is..who have not is wordy and awkward; it also distorts meaning and lacks completion
E - incorrect - the fact is wordy; the inverted construction does not successfully convey the meaning of the sentence.
684). OA - E - parallel - that X is..than that Y is... - That the new managing editor rose from the publication’s “soft” news sections to a leadership position is more of a landmark in the industry than that she is a woman
A, B - incorrect - violating parallelism, passive - use of being
C - incorrect - wrong comparison - comparing rising to womanhood
D - incorrect - wrong tense
(A) That educators have not anticipated the impact of microcomputer technology can hardly be said that it is their fault
(B) That educators have not anticipated the impact of microcomputer technology can hardly be said to be at fault
(C) It can hardly be said that it is the fault of educators who have not anticipated the impact of microcomputer technology
(D) It can hardly be said that educators are at fault for not anticipating the impact of microcomputer technology
(E) The fact that educators are at fault for not anticipating the impact of microcomputer technology can hardly be said
684). That the new managing editor rose from the publication’s “soft” news sections to a leadership position is more of a landmark in the industry than her being a woman.
(A) her being a woman
(B) being a woman is
(C) her womanhood
(D) that she was a woman
(E) that she is a woman
Answers:
683). (OG 11th Ques no - 50) - OA - D - has the main clause followed by one subordinate clause correctly introduced by that
OE: Although it is possible to begin a sentence with a subordinate clause beginning with that, this inverted construction often results in errors such as those found here. In the original sentence, the subordinate clause that.....technology is followed by the main verb, can..be said, but then the verb is followed by yet another subordinate clause, that it is their fault. The best way to solve this problem is by putting the sentence in the expected order, with the main clause (It can hardly be said) preceding the subordinate clause(that...) For greater clarity and concision, the two subordinate clauses should be condensed into one: educators are at fault for not anticipating the impact of microcomputer technology
A - incorrect - inverting the usual order results in an ungrammatical construction in which the main verb is both preceded and followed by a subordinate clause.
B - incorrect - can hardly be said to be at fault does not grammatically complete the subordinate clause
C - incorrect - construction that it is..who have not is wordy and awkward; it also distorts meaning and lacks completion
E - incorrect - the fact is wordy; the inverted construction does not successfully convey the meaning of the sentence.
684). OA - E - parallel - that X is..than that Y is... - That the new managing editor rose from the publication’s “soft” news sections to a leadership position is more of a landmark in the industry than that she is a woman
A, B - incorrect - violating parallelism, passive - use of being
C - incorrect - wrong comparison - comparing rising to womanhood
D - incorrect - wrong tense
SC's Question number - 685 , 686
685). The 19th-century proponents of the school of thought known as mechanism held that life process are not the products of some mysterious life force, but are the same chemical and physical processes that operate in inorganic systems, which is still a subject of debate between biologists today.
(A) systems, which is still a subject of debate between
(B) systems, which are still debated between
(C) systems still debated among
(D) systems, a theory still debated by
(E) systems, a theory still debated between
686). The aim of the new regulations is to make it easier for prospective homeowners to have funds available for energy improvement in their new houses.
(A) to make it easier for prospective homeowners to have
(B) to make easier for prospective homeowners the having of
(C) making it easier for prospective homeowners so they can have
(D) that prospective homeowners more easily can have
(E) for prospective homeowners to more easily have
Answers:
685). OA - D
A, B, E - incorrect - use of between is wrong
C - incorrect - changes the meaning, awkward - inorganic systems still debated among biologists today
686). OA - A - Parallel - ...to make...to have...
B - incorrect - wrong tense - ...make...having..
C, D, E - incorrect - awkward
(A) systems, which is still a subject of debate between
(B) systems, which are still debated between
(C) systems still debated among
(D) systems, a theory still debated by
(E) systems, a theory still debated between
686). The aim of the new regulations is to make it easier for prospective homeowners to have funds available for energy improvement in their new houses.
(A) to make it easier for prospective homeowners to have
(B) to make easier for prospective homeowners the having of
(C) making it easier for prospective homeowners so they can have
(D) that prospective homeowners more easily can have
(E) for prospective homeowners to more easily have
Answers:
685). OA - D
A, B, E - incorrect - use of between is wrong
C - incorrect - changes the meaning, awkward - inorganic systems still debated among biologists today
686). OA - A - Parallel - ...to make...to have...
B - incorrect - wrong tense - ...make...having..
C, D, E - incorrect - awkward
Saturday, October 04, 2008
SC's Question number - 687 , 688
687). The airline industry is cutting its lowest discount fares more widely, more substantially, and earlier this year than it normally does at the end of the summer, a time during which travel usually decreases and the industry uses some lower fares for the attraction of passengers.
(A) during which travel usually decreases and the industry uses some lower fares for the attraction of
(B) during which travel usually decreases and therefore the industry will use some lower fares for the attraction of
(C) in which travel usually decreases and in which the industry therefore uses some lower fares attracting
(D) when travel usually decreases and the industry uses some lower fares to attract
(E) when travel usually decreases and therefore the industry will use lower fares for the attraction of
688). The American Medical Association has argued that the rapidly rising costs associated with malpractice litigation are driving doctors from the profession and that reform of the tort system is imperative for bringing malpractice insurance premiums under control.
(A) that reform of the tort system is imperative for bringing malpractice insurance premiums
(B) that reform of the tort system is imperative if malpractice insurance premiums are to be brought
(C) that reform of the tort system is imperative to bring malpractice insurance premiums
(D) reform of the tort system is necessary in bringing malpractice insurance premiums
(E) the tort system needs to be reformed so that malpractice insurance premiums are brought
Answers:
687). OA - D
A, B - incorrect - use of during
C - incorrect - awkward
E - incorrect - wordy
688). OA - C - effect + imperative to + cause(infinitive)
A - incorrect - imperative for bringing
B - incorrect - awkward
D, E - incorrect - violating parallelism - right form -- argue that X and that Y
(A) during which travel usually decreases and the industry uses some lower fares for the attraction of
(B) during which travel usually decreases and therefore the industry will use some lower fares for the attraction of
(C) in which travel usually decreases and in which the industry therefore uses some lower fares attracting
(D) when travel usually decreases and the industry uses some lower fares to attract
(E) when travel usually decreases and therefore the industry will use lower fares for the attraction of
688). The American Medical Association has argued that the rapidly rising costs associated with malpractice litigation are driving doctors from the profession and that reform of the tort system is imperative for bringing malpractice insurance premiums under control.
(A) that reform of the tort system is imperative for bringing malpractice insurance premiums
(B) that reform of the tort system is imperative if malpractice insurance premiums are to be brought
(C) that reform of the tort system is imperative to bring malpractice insurance premiums
(D) reform of the tort system is necessary in bringing malpractice insurance premiums
(E) the tort system needs to be reformed so that malpractice insurance premiums are brought
Answers:
687). OA - D
A, B - incorrect - use of during
C - incorrect - awkward
E - incorrect - wordy
688). OA - C - effect + imperative to + cause(infinitive)
A - incorrect - imperative for bringing
B - incorrect - awkward
D, E - incorrect - violating parallelism - right form -- argue that X and that Y
Friday, October 03, 2008
SC's Question number - 689 , 690
689). The animosity between those who regulate and those who are regulated, never more pronounced than in recent debates over environmentalism and pollution control.
(A) The animosity between those who regulate and those who are regulated, never
(B) The animosity between those who regulate and those who are regulated, never being
(C) The animosity between those who regulate and those who are regulated has never been
(D) Between those who regulate and those who are regulated, such animosity was never
(E) Between those who regulate and between those regulated, such animosity has never been
690). The argument that the dominant form of family structure today is not the nuclear family, but rather it is a family which is modified and extended, is based on a number of facts: the existence of three-generational families, the amount of vertical and horizontal communication between family subunits, and the extent to which family members offer assistance to one another.
(A) family, but rather it is a family which is modified and extended, is based on a number of facts: the existence of three-generational families
(B) family, but is instead a family that is modified and extended, is based on a number of facts: three-generational families exist
(C) family, which has been modified and extended, is based on a number of facts: the existence of three-generational families
(D) family but a modified extended family is based on a number of facts: the existence of three-generational families
(E) family, but also a modified and extended family, is based on a number of facts: three-generational families exist
Answers:
689). OA - C
A - incorrect - sentence fragment
B - incorrect - use of being
D, E - incorrect - awkward, meaning not clear
690). OA - D
A - incorrect - ambiguous it
B, C, E - incorrect - violating parallelism
(A) The animosity between those who regulate and those who are regulated, never
(B) The animosity between those who regulate and those who are regulated, never being
(C) The animosity between those who regulate and those who are regulated has never been
(D) Between those who regulate and those who are regulated, such animosity was never
(E) Between those who regulate and between those regulated, such animosity has never been
690). The argument that the dominant form of family structure today is not the nuclear family, but rather it is a family which is modified and extended, is based on a number of facts: the existence of three-generational families, the amount of vertical and horizontal communication between family subunits, and the extent to which family members offer assistance to one another.
(A) family, but rather it is a family which is modified and extended, is based on a number of facts: the existence of three-generational families
(B) family, but is instead a family that is modified and extended, is based on a number of facts: three-generational families exist
(C) family, which has been modified and extended, is based on a number of facts: the existence of three-generational families
(D) family but a modified extended family is based on a number of facts: the existence of three-generational families
(E) family, but also a modified and extended family, is based on a number of facts: three-generational families exist
Answers:
689). OA - C
A - incorrect - sentence fragment
B - incorrect - use of being
D, E - incorrect - awkward, meaning not clear
690). OA - D
A - incorrect - ambiguous it
B, C, E - incorrect - violating parallelism
Tuesday, September 30, 2008
SC's Question no - 691, 692
691). The aristocratic values expressed in the writings of Marguerite Yourcenar place her within the French classical tradition, as does her passionate interest in history, particularly Roman history.
(A) as does
(B) so do
(C) as do
(D) so is the case with
(E) similarly, does
692). The attorney turned down the law firm’s offer of a position because she suspected that it was meant merely to fill an affirmative action quota with no commitment to minority hiring and eventually promoting.
(A) quota with no commitment to minority hiring and eventually promoting
(B) quota, having no commitment to minority hiring and eventually promoting
(C) quota and did not reflect a commitment to minority hiring and eventual promotion
(D) quota, not reflecting a commitment to minority hiring and eventual promotion
(E) quota, not one that reflected that minority hiring and eventual promotion was a commitment
Answers:
691). OA - A
B, C - incorrect - subject verb agreement - ..interest(singular)...do(plural)..
D - incorrect - wordy
E - incorrect - awkward
692). OA - C
A, B, D - incorrect - violating parallelism
E - incorrect - awkward
(A) as does
(B) so do
(C) as do
(D) so is the case with
(E) similarly, does
692). The attorney turned down the law firm’s offer of a position because she suspected that it was meant merely to fill an affirmative action quota with no commitment to minority hiring and eventually promoting.
(A) quota with no commitment to minority hiring and eventually promoting
(B) quota, having no commitment to minority hiring and eventually promoting
(C) quota and did not reflect a commitment to minority hiring and eventual promotion
(D) quota, not reflecting a commitment to minority hiring and eventual promotion
(E) quota, not one that reflected that minority hiring and eventual promotion was a commitment
Answers:
691). OA - A
B, C - incorrect - subject verb agreement - ..interest(singular)...do(plural)..
D - incorrect - wordy
E - incorrect - awkward
692). OA - C
A, B, D - incorrect - violating parallelism
E - incorrect - awkward
Friday, September 19, 2008
SC's Question number - 693, 694
693). The Audubon Society and other conservation groups, concerned over what they have perceived to be the serious threatening of the environment as posed by the policies of the government, are preparing for a major political effort.
(A) have perceived to be the serious threatening of the environment as
(B) perceived as the serious threat to the environment as
(C) perceive being the serious threat to the environment
(D) are perceiving as the serious threatening of the environment
(E) perceive as the serious threat to the environment
694). The auto industry has experienced one of its most significant trends in the last 50 years, which is the migration of motorists from passenger cars to minivans, sport utility vehicles, and pickups.
(A) The auto industry has experienced one of its most significant trends in the last 50 years, which is
(B) Of the trends the auto industry experienced in the last 50 years has been one of the most significant
(C) In the last 50 years, one of the most significant trends that the auto industry has been experiencing has been
(D) One of the most significant trends that the auto industry has experienced in the last 50 years is
(E) In the last 50 years, the auto industry experienced one of the most significant trends that it has had, that of
Answers:
693). OA - E - right idiom - perceive as
A, C - incorrect - unidiomatic
B - incorrect - redundancy -- 2nd as is not required -- threat to the environment as...
D - incorrect - serious threatening
694). OA - D
A - incorrect - antecedent for which not clear
B, E - incorrect - awkward, wordy
C - incorrect - wrong tense,wordy, awkward - ...has been experiencing has been...
(A) have perceived to be the serious threatening of the environment as
(B) perceived as the serious threat to the environment as
(C) perceive being the serious threat to the environment
(D) are perceiving as the serious threatening of the environment
(E) perceive as the serious threat to the environment
694). The auto industry has experienced one of its most significant trends in the last 50 years, which is the migration of motorists from passenger cars to minivans, sport utility vehicles, and pickups.
(A) The auto industry has experienced one of its most significant trends in the last 50 years, which is
(B) Of the trends the auto industry experienced in the last 50 years has been one of the most significant
(C) In the last 50 years, one of the most significant trends that the auto industry has been experiencing has been
(D) One of the most significant trends that the auto industry has experienced in the last 50 years is
(E) In the last 50 years, the auto industry experienced one of the most significant trends that it has had, that of
Answers:
693). OA - E - right idiom - perceive as
A, C - incorrect - unidiomatic
B - incorrect - redundancy -- 2nd as is not required -- threat to the environment as...
D - incorrect - serious threatening
694). OA - D
A - incorrect - antecedent for which not clear
B, E - incorrect - awkward, wordy
C - incorrect - wrong tense,wordy, awkward - ...has been experiencing has been...
Monday, July 14, 2008
SC's Question number - 695 , 696
695). The average weekly wage nearly doubled in the 1970’s, rising from $114 to $220, yet the average worker ended the decade with a decrease in what their pay may buy.
(A) with a decrease in what their pay may buy
(B) with what was a decrease in what they were able to buy
(C) having decreased that which they could buy
(D) decreasing in purchasing power
(E) with a decrease in purchasing power
696). The Baldrick Manufacturing Company has for several years followed a policy aimed at decreasing operating costs and improving the efficiency of its distribution system.
(A) aimed at decreasing operating costs and improving
(B) aimed at the decreasing of operating costs and to improve
(C) aiming at the decreasing of operating costs and improving
(D) the aim of which is the decreasing of operating costs and improving
(E) with the aim to decrease operating costs and to improve
Answers:
695). OA - E
A - incorrect - pronoun error - ..the average worker...their..
B, C - incorrect - pronoun error - ..the average worker....
D - incorrect - awkward
696). (OG 10th - Ques no 212) - OA - A
OE: The best choice, A, offers an adjective phrase unequivocally modifying policy and exhibiting grammatical parallelism (decreasing ... and improving).
B, - incorrect - gerund the decreasing is not grammatically parallel with the infinitive to improve.
C, D - incorrect - the decreasing of... costs is not parallel with improving the efficiency.
E - incorrect - infinitives to decrease and to improve, while parallel, are less idiomatic than the prepositional phrase of decreasing ... and improving in modifying the noun aim. Also, with the aim...improve can easily be construed as referring to the Baldrick Manufacturing Company and so does not refer
unequivocally to policy.
(A) with a decrease in what their pay may buy
(B) with what was a decrease in what they were able to buy
(C) having decreased that which they could buy
(D) decreasing in purchasing power
(E) with a decrease in purchasing power
696). The Baldrick Manufacturing Company has for several years followed a policy aimed at decreasing operating costs and improving the efficiency of its distribution system.
(A) aimed at decreasing operating costs and improving
(B) aimed at the decreasing of operating costs and to improve
(C) aiming at the decreasing of operating costs and improving
(D) the aim of which is the decreasing of operating costs and improving
(E) with the aim to decrease operating costs and to improve
Answers:
695). OA - E
A - incorrect - pronoun error - ..the average worker...their..
B, C - incorrect - pronoun error - ..the average worker....
D - incorrect - awkward
696). (OG 10th - Ques no 212) - OA - A
OE: The best choice, A, offers an adjective phrase unequivocally modifying policy and exhibiting grammatical parallelism (decreasing ... and improving).
B, - incorrect - gerund the decreasing is not grammatically parallel with the infinitive to improve.
C, D - incorrect - the decreasing of... costs is not parallel with improving the efficiency.
E - incorrect - infinitives to decrease and to improve, while parallel, are less idiomatic than the prepositional phrase of decreasing ... and improving in modifying the noun aim. Also, with the aim...improve can easily be construed as referring to the Baldrick Manufacturing Company and so does not refer
unequivocally to policy.
Sunday, July 13, 2008
SC's Question number - 697 , 698
697). The bank acknowledged that they are and will continue to experience difficulties as it attempts to deal with the precipitous fall of the dollar against the yen and the dislocations reflected in the stock market decline.
(A) they are and will continue to experience difficulties as it attempts
(B) they are and will continue to experience difficulties as they attempt
(C) it is and will continue to experience difficulties as it attempts
(D) it is experiencing and will continue to experience difficulties as they make an attempt
(E) its difficulties are likely to continue as it attempts
698). The bank holds $3 billion in loans that are seriously delinquent or in such trouble that they do not expect payments when due.
(A) they do not expect payments when
(B) it does not expect payments when it is
(C) it does not expect payments to be made when they are
(D) payments are not to be expected to be paid when
(E) payments are not expected to be paid when they will be
Answers:
697). OA - E
A, B, D - incorrect - pronoun error - ..bank(singular)....they(plural)..
C - incorrect - wordy, awkward - ... acknowledged that it is and will continue to experience...
698). OA - C
A - incorrect - pronoun error - ..bank(singular)....they(plural)
B - incorrect - pronoun error - ..payments(plural)....it(singular)..
D - incorrect - awkward - are not to be expected to be
E - incorrect - awkward, wrong tense
(A) they are and will continue to experience difficulties as it attempts
(B) they are and will continue to experience difficulties as they attempt
(C) it is and will continue to experience difficulties as it attempts
(D) it is experiencing and will continue to experience difficulties as they make an attempt
(E) its difficulties are likely to continue as it attempts
698). The bank holds $3 billion in loans that are seriously delinquent or in such trouble that they do not expect payments when due.
(A) they do not expect payments when
(B) it does not expect payments when it is
(C) it does not expect payments to be made when they are
(D) payments are not to be expected to be paid when
(E) payments are not expected to be paid when they will be
Answers:
697). OA - E
A, B, D - incorrect - pronoun error - ..bank(singular)....they(plural)..
C - incorrect - wordy, awkward - ... acknowledged that it is and will continue to experience...
698). OA - C
A - incorrect - pronoun error - ..bank(singular)....they(plural)
B - incorrect - pronoun error - ..payments(plural)....it(singular)..
D - incorrect - awkward - are not to be expected to be
E - incorrect - awkward, wrong tense
Monday, July 07, 2008
SC's Question number - 699 , 700
699). The black hole has entered the popular imagination as an object too massive that neither light nor matter can escape its gravitational pull.
(A) too massive that neither light nor matter can escape its
(B) too massive for either allowing light or matter to escape its
(C) massive enough that either light or matter cannot escape their
(D) so massive that neither light nor matter could escape their
(E) so massive that neither light nor matter can escape
700). The boom in agricultural exports in the early 1970’s emptied United States grain bins and many were led to thinking that overproduction was now a problem of the past.
(A) many were led to thinking that overproduction was now
(B) many had been led to thinking of overproduction as if it were
(C) the thought this led to was that overproduction had become
(D) led many to the thought of overproduction as if it were
(E) led many to think that overproduction had become
Answers:
699). OA - E - idiomatic - ..so .. ..that..
A, B - incorrect - unidiomatic - too massive that
C, D - incorrect - subject verb agreement - ... black hole(singular)..their(plural)..
700). OA - E - parallel - ....exports in the early 1970’s emptied United States...and led many to think ...
A, B, C - incorrect - violating parallelism
D - incorrect - awkward
(A) too massive that neither light nor matter can escape its
(B) too massive for either allowing light or matter to escape its
(C) massive enough that either light or matter cannot escape their
(D) so massive that neither light nor matter could escape their
(E) so massive that neither light nor matter can escape
700). The boom in agricultural exports in the early 1970’s emptied United States grain bins and many were led to thinking that overproduction was now a problem of the past.
(A) many were led to thinking that overproduction was now
(B) many had been led to thinking of overproduction as if it were
(C) the thought this led to was that overproduction had become
(D) led many to the thought of overproduction as if it were
(E) led many to think that overproduction had become
Answers:
699). OA - E - idiomatic - ..so .. ..that..
A, B - incorrect - unidiomatic - too massive that
C, D - incorrect - subject verb agreement - ... black hole(singular)..their(plural)..
700). OA - E - parallel - ....exports in the early 1970’s emptied United States...and led many to think ...
A, B, C - incorrect - violating parallelism
D - incorrect - awkward
Tuesday, May 13, 2008
SC's Question number - 701 , 702
701). The brain is something of a stimulus reduction system, a means to reduce, in order to comprehend, the nearly infinite amount of stimuli that reach the senses at any given moment.
(A) a means to reduce, in order to comprehend, the nearly infinite amount
(B) a means to reduce, in order to comprehend, the nearly infinite number
(C) the means of reducing for comprehending the nearly infinite number
(D) the means that reduces, in order to comprehend, the nearly infinite amount
(E) the means for reducing in order to comprehend the nearly infinite amount
702). The British Admiralty and the War Office met in March 1892 to consider a possible Russian attempt to seize Constantinople and how they would have to act militarily to deal with them.
(A) how they would have to act militarily to deal with them
(B) how to deal with them if military action would be necessary
(C) what would be necessary militarily for dealing with such an event
(D) what military action would be necessary in order to deal with such an event
(E) the necessity of what kind of military action in order to take for dealing with it
Answers:
701). OA - B
A, D, E - incorrect - use of amount is wrong - stimulus is countable
C - incorrect - awkward
702). OA - D - The British Admiralty and the War Office met ... to consider X and Y, here X is the noun phrase a possible Russian attempt. D provides a noun phrase, military action, that matches the structure of x more closely than do the corresponding noun elements in the other choices.
A, B - incorrect - the pronoun them has no antecedent; furthermore, the clause in B must take should rather than would.
C - incorrect - awkward - necessary militarily
E - incorrect - wordy and garbles the meaning with incorrect word order.
(A) a means to reduce, in order to comprehend, the nearly infinite amount
(B) a means to reduce, in order to comprehend, the nearly infinite number
(C) the means of reducing for comprehending the nearly infinite number
(D) the means that reduces, in order to comprehend, the nearly infinite amount
(E) the means for reducing in order to comprehend the nearly infinite amount
702). The British Admiralty and the War Office met in March 1892 to consider a possible Russian attempt to seize Constantinople and how they would have to act militarily to deal with them.
(A) how they would have to act militarily to deal with them
(B) how to deal with them if military action would be necessary
(C) what would be necessary militarily for dealing with such an event
(D) what military action would be necessary in order to deal with such an event
(E) the necessity of what kind of military action in order to take for dealing with it
Answers:
701). OA - B
A, D, E - incorrect - use of amount is wrong - stimulus is countable
C - incorrect - awkward
702). OA - D - The British Admiralty and the War Office met ... to consider X and Y, here X is the noun phrase a possible Russian attempt. D provides a noun phrase, military action, that matches the structure of x more closely than do the corresponding noun elements in the other choices.
A, B - incorrect - the pronoun them has no antecedent; furthermore, the clause in B must take should rather than would.
C - incorrect - awkward - necessary militarily
E - incorrect - wordy and garbles the meaning with incorrect word order.
Wednesday, May 07, 2008
SC's Question number - 703 , 704
703). The British sociologist and activist Barbara Wootton once noted as a humorous example of income maldistribution that the elephant that gave rides to children at the Whipsnade Zoo was earning annually exactly what she then earned as director of adult education for London.
(A) that the elephant that gave rides to children at the Whipsnade Zoo was earning
(B) that the elephant, giving rides to children at the Whipsnade Zoo, had been earning
(C) that there was an elephant giving rides to children at the Whipsnade Zoo, and it earned
(D) the elephant that gave rides to children at the Whipsnade Zoo and was earning
(E) the elephant giving rides to children at the Whipsnade Zoo and that it earned
704). The brochure notes that in the seminar the importance that communication is a two-way process will be emphasized.
(A) importance that communication is a two-way process will be emphasized
(B) importance of communication as a two-way process will be emphasized
(C) importance of communication being a two-way process will be the emphasis
(D) fact will be emphasized that communication is a two-way process and of importance
(E) emphasis will be that communication being a two-way process is important
Answers:
703). (OG 10th Ques no - 258) - OA - A -
OE:
A - correct - Choice A, the best answer, uses the idiomatic construction noted... that and clearly focuses on the salient information-- a comparison of annual earnings.
B - incorrect - the structure of noted... that the elephant, giving rides ..., had been earning falsely implies that the reader already knows about the elephant--that is, that the existence of this particular elephant is not new information. Also, the past perfect had been improperly places the elephant's
earning in the past, prior to Wootton's; consistent verb tense is needed to show that the actions are simultaneous.
C - incorrect - may be faulted for distortion of meaning and diminished clarity because it suggests that the point of Wootton's example was the elephant's very existence; comparative earnings are presented (after and) as incidental detail.
D - incorrect - is awkward and inexact; the whole circumstance that Wootton "noted" is best expressed in a clause that begins with that.
E - incorrect - does not use the idiomatic construction noted that x;
therefore, and that it earned has no parallel construction to which it can be joined.
In simple words:
B - incorrect - past perfect tense not required
C - incorrect - ambiguous it. Wordy - there was
D, E - incorrect - unidiomatic - right idiomatic usage is noted .... that
704). OA - B - idiomatic - importance of
A, D - incorrect - awkward, unidiomatic
C, E - incorrect - use of being
(A) that the elephant that gave rides to children at the Whipsnade Zoo was earning
(B) that the elephant, giving rides to children at the Whipsnade Zoo, had been earning
(C) that there was an elephant giving rides to children at the Whipsnade Zoo, and it earned
(D) the elephant that gave rides to children at the Whipsnade Zoo and was earning
(E) the elephant giving rides to children at the Whipsnade Zoo and that it earned
704). The brochure notes that in the seminar the importance that communication is a two-way process will be emphasized.
(A) importance that communication is a two-way process will be emphasized
(B) importance of communication as a two-way process will be emphasized
(C) importance of communication being a two-way process will be the emphasis
(D) fact will be emphasized that communication is a two-way process and of importance
(E) emphasis will be that communication being a two-way process is important
Answers:
703). (OG 10th Ques no - 258) - OA - A -
OE:
A - correct - Choice A, the best answer, uses the idiomatic construction noted... that and clearly focuses on the salient information-- a comparison of annual earnings.
B - incorrect - the structure of noted... that the elephant, giving rides ..., had been earning falsely implies that the reader already knows about the elephant--that is, that the existence of this particular elephant is not new information. Also, the past perfect had been improperly places the elephant's
earning in the past, prior to Wootton's; consistent verb tense is needed to show that the actions are simultaneous.
C - incorrect - may be faulted for distortion of meaning and diminished clarity because it suggests that the point of Wootton's example was the elephant's very existence; comparative earnings are presented (after and) as incidental detail.
D - incorrect - is awkward and inexact; the whole circumstance that Wootton "noted" is best expressed in a clause that begins with that.
E - incorrect - does not use the idiomatic construction noted that x;
therefore, and that it earned has no parallel construction to which it can be joined.
In simple words:
B - incorrect - past perfect tense not required
C - incorrect - ambiguous it. Wordy - there was
D, E - incorrect - unidiomatic - right idiomatic usage is noted .... that
704). OA - B - idiomatic - importance of
A, D - incorrect - awkward, unidiomatic
C, E - incorrect - use of being
Sunday, May 04, 2008
SC's Question number - 705 , 706
705). The cameras of the Voyager II spacecraft detected six small, previously unseen moons circling Uranus, which doubles to twelve the number of satellites now known as orbiting the distant planet.
(A) which doubles to twelve the number of satellites now known as orbiting
(B) doubling to twelve the number of satellites now known to orbit
(C) which doubles to twelve the number of satellites now known in orbit around
(D) doubling to twelve the number of satellites now known as orbiting
(E) which doubles to twelve the number of satellites now known that orbit
706). The capital of Bosnia-Herzegovina, Sarajevo’s population on the eve of the First World War was 51,919.
(A) Bosnia-Herzegovina, Sarajevo’s population
(B) Bosnia-Herzegovina is Sarajevo, whose population
(C) Bosnia-Herzegovina is Sarajevo, with a population
(D) Bosnia-Herzegovina, Sarajevo having a population that
(E) Bosnia-Herzegovina, the population of Sarajevo
Answers:
705). (OG10th Ques no - 49) - OA - B
OE: The pronoun which should be used to refer to a previously mentioned noun, not to the idea expressed in an entire clause.
A, C, E - incorrect - which seems to refer to a vague concept involving the detection of moons, but there is no specific noun, such as detection, to which it can refer. Also in E, the use of the phrasing the number... now known that
orbit is ungrammatical and unclear. (In other words which is wrongly referring to Uranus)
B, D - incorrect - use the correct participial form, doubling, to modify the preceding clause, but D, like A, uses known as orbiting rather than known to orbit, a phrase that is more idiomatic in context.
706). OA - B - whose is correctly referring to population
A, E - incorrect - modifier error
C - incorrect - ...with...was...
D - incorrect - awkward
(A) which doubles to twelve the number of satellites now known as orbiting
(B) doubling to twelve the number of satellites now known to orbit
(C) which doubles to twelve the number of satellites now known in orbit around
(D) doubling to twelve the number of satellites now known as orbiting
(E) which doubles to twelve the number of satellites now known that orbit
706). The capital of Bosnia-Herzegovina, Sarajevo’s population on the eve of the First World War was 51,919.
(A) Bosnia-Herzegovina, Sarajevo’s population
(B) Bosnia-Herzegovina is Sarajevo, whose population
(C) Bosnia-Herzegovina is Sarajevo, with a population
(D) Bosnia-Herzegovina, Sarajevo having a population that
(E) Bosnia-Herzegovina, the population of Sarajevo
Answers:
705). (OG10th Ques no - 49) - OA - B
OE: The pronoun which should be used to refer to a previously mentioned noun, not to the idea expressed in an entire clause.
A, C, E - incorrect - which seems to refer to a vague concept involving the detection of moons, but there is no specific noun, such as detection, to which it can refer. Also in E, the use of the phrasing the number... now known that
orbit is ungrammatical and unclear. (In other words which is wrongly referring to Uranus)
B, D - incorrect - use the correct participial form, doubling, to modify the preceding clause, but D, like A, uses known as orbiting rather than known to orbit, a phrase that is more idiomatic in context.
706). OA - B - whose is correctly referring to population
A, E - incorrect - modifier error
C - incorrect - ...with...was...
D - incorrect - awkward
Friday, May 02, 2008
SC's Question number - 707 , 708
707). The caterpillar of the geometrid moth strikes when special tactile hairs on its body are disturbed, after capturing its prey, holds the victim so that it cannot escape.
(A) strikes when special tactile hairs on its body are disturbed,
(B) striking when special tactile hairs on its body are disturbed, but
(C) which strikes when special tactile hairs on its body are disturbed,
(D) which, striking when special tactile hairs on its body are disturbed,
(E) strikes when special tactile hairs on its body are disturbed and,
708).The Coast guard is conducting tests to see whether pigeons can be trained to help find survivors of wrecks at sea.
(A) to see whether pigeons can be trained to help find
(B) to see whether pigeons can be trained as help to find
(C) to see if pigeons can be trained for helping to find
(D) that see if pigeons are able to be trained in helping to find
(E) that see whether pigeons are able to be trained for help in finding
Answers:
707). OA - E - parallel - ....strikes...holds...
A, C - incorrect - sentence fragment
B, D - incorrect - violating parallelism.
708). (OG 10th Ques no - 236) - OA - A - idiomatically expresses the idea of purpose by using the infinitives to see and to help: the purpose of the tests is to see whether pigeons can be trained, and the purpose of training them is to
help find survivors.
B - incorrect - unidiomatic - as help to find
C - incorrect - unidiomatic - for helping to find. Whether is preferred to if when there are only two alternatives. Whether vs If
D, E - incorrect - wordy - are able to be.
D - incorrect - Whether is preferred to if when there are only two alternatives.
E - incorrect - unidiomatic - for helping in finding
(A) strikes when special tactile hairs on its body are disturbed,
(B) striking when special tactile hairs on its body are disturbed, but
(C) which strikes when special tactile hairs on its body are disturbed,
(D) which, striking when special tactile hairs on its body are disturbed,
(E) strikes when special tactile hairs on its body are disturbed and,
708).The Coast guard is conducting tests to see whether pigeons can be trained to help find survivors of wrecks at sea.
(A) to see whether pigeons can be trained to help find
(B) to see whether pigeons can be trained as help to find
(C) to see if pigeons can be trained for helping to find
(D) that see if pigeons are able to be trained in helping to find
(E) that see whether pigeons are able to be trained for help in finding
Answers:
707). OA - E - parallel - ....strikes...holds...
A, C - incorrect - sentence fragment
B, D - incorrect - violating parallelism.
708). (OG 10th Ques no - 236) - OA - A - idiomatically expresses the idea of purpose by using the infinitives to see and to help: the purpose of the tests is to see whether pigeons can be trained, and the purpose of training them is to
help find survivors.
B - incorrect - unidiomatic - as help to find
C - incorrect - unidiomatic - for helping to find. Whether is preferred to if when there are only two alternatives. Whether vs If
D, E - incorrect - wordy - are able to be.
D - incorrect - Whether is preferred to if when there are only two alternatives.
E - incorrect - unidiomatic - for helping in finding
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